Steam-turbine.



J. H. KUGLbm.

STEAM TURBNE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY2B,1912.

1,051,336. Patented @11.21, 1,913.

J. H. KUGLER. STEAM TUEBNE.

.APPLICATION ELED MAYZS, MHZ4 1,051,336. Patented @11.21, 19;.3

2 SHEETS-SHEET z.

Y, jfgx ITQED STATES ATENT GFFCE.

JOHN' n. KUGLER, or FAIRFIELD, rnNNsYLvANrA, assrcnon or ONE-FOURTH 'ro JAMES B. WADDLE, or FAIRFIELD, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patent-ed Jan. 21, 1913.

- Application tiled May 28, 1912.` Serial o. 700,299.

.rv-citizen ofthe United States, .residing at and useful bines; vand I do hereby declare the following lse.

Fairfield, in the county of Adams and State ofPennsylva'nia, have` invented cert-ain new Improvements -in Steam-Turtobe a full, clear, and exact description Aotr thel invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to.

make and use the same.

This invention relates toturbines, and it. lmore particularly relates .to steam turbines.

An object of the invention is to provide,-V

a steam turbine, the motion of .which may be quickly and e'asily reversed. 1

Another object-of the invention is to provide a Aturbine of this character having in-.

terchangeable parts, whereby a complete machine may be added to or taken from,.ac4 cording 1to the particular. requirements, demands or circumstances,'without/affecting the general principles and turbine. .y

A further object of the -invention is to provide an improved slide valve mechanism, and means. associated therewith or operating all of .the slide valves in unison.

A still further object is to provide aV number of turbine sections, adapted to be integrally united, and aving means associated therewith for reversing the direction of all of the steamjets 1n a l of the turbine sections in unison. i

A still further object is to provide a series of turbine seetions,each section of which is dependent upon an element ot another section for rendering itcomplete.

A still further object is to provide an iinproved rotor paddle which is especially adapted for application to a reversible turbine ot this character. v

, A still further object is to construct a turbine which is comparatively simple of construction, compact and powerful.

A still further object is to provide a turbine ot maximum` eiiiciency, consistent with minimum expense for production and maintenance.

' @ther objects and In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this application, Figure 1 is a sectional View through one', section ot my improved turbine, the section Vbeing taken operations of the y are provided with annular flanges 17 and 18 and in changing y advantages may be recited hereinafter and in the claims.

-13 and 1st-are provided with radif substantially as indicated by line 1-1 of Fig. 2. Fig. '2 is a detail side elevation view of the upper part of my turbine, the division, being made on line` 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig., 3 is a sectional view of the Lof'my improved turbine, the section being Y taken onf line-5 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a upper half side elevation view ot'` my improvedv rotor paddle or propeller blade. Fig. 5 is a vel'- tical sectional yiew on line 5 5 of Fig. 4'. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on line 6-6 of Fig. 4, and, Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view ofthe reversing lever and its adjuncts. Referring to the drawings in which similar reference characters designate corresponding parts' throughout the several views, and, more particularly to Fig. 1, it may be seen that each complete turbine section essentially consists ot a rotary shaft 10, a

rotor 1l keyed to the shaft, a valve disk 'lf and a casing; the latter comprising casing Vheads 13 and l-land an annularly flanged.

partition 15.' .Thev casing heads 13 and 14 respectively, .the annular flange of the partition being designated 19. In Fig. 1, however, I have shown a two-section turbine,

from a one-section turbine to a two-section turbine, it has been necessary to provide a supplemental partition 16, having an annular flange 20. This supplemental partition is inserted between the'primarypartition 19 and the casing heads 14, and r.in this relation and position, the supplemental partition substitutes the ,casing head 14, in rendering complete the primary nozzle chamber or rotor chamber 21; a similar for secondary rotor chamber 22 being Iinclosedby the head 14 and the partition 16. It will be seen, therefore, that when two or more turbine sections are thus united, each section is dependent upon an element of the other section to render it complete.

any suitable packing material Q4, the several annular ltlanges being shaped to correspond *with thevshape oi' the grooves., and being 24. By this seatedtherein,` on the packing elements ni'eansi, .the diii'crent sections and thereot may beaccurately and cnii'clrlyr fitted l jle heads flanges v i v '.s i; 2.a which areapertured, at intervals, for the together .by an unskilled person.

ioo

reception ot connecting and retaining bolts 26, which hold all of the elements of the casing or` of the united casings together. The head 13 is provided with a primary steam inlet 27, the head 14 being provided with an outlet or tinal exhaust 28.

The partition 15 is provided with a series of apcrtured or ported nozzle supports 29, the steam ports 30 of which communicate withnozzles 31, the latter being oppositely disposed, or pointing in opposite directions, as shown in F ig. 2. The nozzle carriers are provided with substantially cylindrical shanks or barrels 32 which are fitted into cylindrical openings 33 through the partition 15, the openings 33 communicating with rectangular apertures 34 into which the ends of the barrels are expandedor swaged, as shown at The invention is not limited by the means described and shown for securing` the nozzle carrieis to the partition .15, as obviously, other means may be employed, without departure from the spirit and scope of the in vention. y

The partition 15 is provided with a. series of valve seats 36, a corresponding series of movable valve members 37 being slidably seated on said valve seats and being adapted to alternately cover and uncover the alternate ports 30, as best illustrated in Fig. 3. Each valve member 37 is provided with a pair of parallel guide arms 38 lwhich are adapted to slide within a corresponding pairA of guide notches 39, formed in the opposite edges of eac-h radial arm 40, which extends from a' valve-actuating disk 41.

The partition 15 is provided with a centrally apertured cylindrical boss 42, on which the valve-actuating disk 41 is rotatably seated, said disk being provided with arcuate slots 43; bolts 44 extending through the slots 43 and having screw threaded engagement with the partition 15. Thepartition 15 and the disk 41 are provided with corresponding annular ribs 45 and 46 respectively, the latter being slidably seated upon the former, thereby providing a true bearing for the disk 41, so that the latter will at no time bind upon the valve members 37, a clearance space 47 being provided between each valve member and the valve actuating di:k, so that steam may enter between said valve members and disk and hold said valve members lirmly seated-upon the valve seats 36, without exerting any pressure Whatever upon the valve disk 41.

The boss 42 is provided with an annular y iange 4S, a shoulder 49 being provided at the annular flange with the the junction of 50 is snugly tted over the boss, a sleeve shaft 10 and extends into the aperture ofy the boss 42, a clearance being allowed between said sleeve and said boss. The sleeve 50 is provided with a peripheral and radial flange 51 which is inclosed by the {iange 43,l being closely fitted against the shoulder 49, so as to form a steam-tight joint, a clearance being provided between the ianges 48 and 4S). The shaft or axle 10 may be carried by suitable bearings (not shown), and as the Ishaft rotates, the sleeve 50 would be free to rotate therewith if it were not for the frictional contact of the flange 51 and 'the sure against the flanged sleeve 50, the same is held tightly against the shoulder 49 while the shaft 1.0 rotates therein. In case of any ecentric movement of the shaft l0, the sleeve 50 moves therewith While the flange surface of the shoulder 49. By this arrangement, I have provided for any slight inaccuracy 'in yfitting "the several .elements around the shaft 10, Without causing any of them to bind thereon, a clearance beingprovided between each of the several heads and partitions. t, The rotor 11 is keyed or otherwise, properly secured to the shaft 10, as indicated at 52. Each rotor is provided with a series of rotor blades.i or paddles 53, projecting radially from its periphery, said blades being arranged in ysuch relation to the nozzles 31, that :steam from the latter strikes the blades centrally, thereby causing the rotor to rotate and carrythe shaft 10 therewith. The rotor blades arev preferably of the form illustrated in Fig. 4, having a "shank 54, provided with a key seat 55, into whichvistitted a key 57, which secures the shank within one of the sockets 58, which are provided in the rotor paddle of the rotor blade is formed with a central rib or ridge 56 vand With concaved ridge. The rotor is, also provided with a the-blade is rprovided with a groove 61 at right angles to the plane in which the rotor travels, said groove being preferably arcuate or concaved.

In operation, the steam enters the valve chamber 62, under heavy pressure, and passes thence through the steam ports 30 and the nozzles 31, striking the centrally and radially disposed ridge 56 and also striking within the groove 61. The jet of steam is divided by the ridge, and passing into the concaved portions 59, is deflected outwardly and downwardly, the ridge 60 coacting with the ridge 56 and with the concaved portions for deflecting the steam out of t-he way of the rotor blades, thereby eliminating or minimizing the back pre:- sure of steam upon the blades 53. At thc Sametime, a portion of the steam is deflee/ted upwardly by the grooves 61, as indicated at 63.

Each valve seat is provided with a pair' shoulder 49; but, on account of steam pres- 11. `The head or- 51 hasv slight sliding movement upon the portions 59 on the opposite sides of the central and peripheral ridge 60. The top of of nozzle supports 29, the nozzles of which point iniopposite directions, and between each pair of nozzle supports is secured a deflector plate 64, which guides or deliects the-outwardly directed jet G3, so as to auX- iliate the action of the grooves 6l, for preventing back pressure of the steam on the rotor blades.

, As lillustrated in FigA 3, the valve carrying arms 40 are properly spaced for holding the valve closures or slide valves 37 over each alternatenozzle support, so as to close the port dthereof, the other alternate ports being open. It will also be obvious that while the nozzles which point in clockwise direction are covered,` the other nozzles, which point in contra-clockwise direction are uncovered, so that steam may pass therethrough. It Will be obvious, from an inspection of Fig. 2, that the rot-or is moving in clockwisedirection, the clockwise-pointing nozzles'being open.

In order to cha-nge the direction of rotation, it.will be necessary to shift or rotate the valve disk 1l in the direction ot' the arrow (see Fig. 3), so as to uncover the ports which are shown covered in Fig. 3 and to cover the other or alternate ports, and it will be obvious that steam will cease to dow in the clockwise direction, shown in Fig. :2, and will flow through the oppositely pointed nozzles, thereby striking the blades 63 on their opposite sides, and thus causing the rotor to move in contraclock- Wise direction.

In order to shift the valve actuating disk, I have provided the same with an aperture 65, and I provide a valve shifter comprising a shaft 66 and shifter arm 67extending at right angles rtherefrom and engaging with the aperture (35. An aperture 68 being provided through the flange 1T, and any suitable form of steam packing being provided within the aperture and surrounding the shaft 66. A hand lever 69 is secured on the upper end of the shaft 66, and it is obvious that when' the handle G9 is oscillated,

the arm 67 is also oscillated, carrying the4 valve actuating disk therewith; and, by moving the lever 69 a suliicient distance, the valve carrying arms are caused to open and close respectively the alternate ports 30.

While I have practically confined the description to the right hand or primary turbine section, it is to be understood that this description practically applies to the lett hand section thereof and to sections which may be subsequently added, with the following exceptions, viz:

It will be noted that the nozzle supports and nozzles of the left hand section (see Fig. l) arelarger than those in the right hand section, the rotor blades also being larger. rfhis relation being or the purpose of reducing the steam pressure in cach suc ceeding valve section, and for utilizing the reduced steam pressure to the maximum extent. This reduction of pressure is made quite obvious by considering the right hand nozzles 31 as the inlets and the left hand nozzles 3l' has outlets which are larger than inlets.

In suimnin g up this constructiomin which the several turbine sections are thus united, it may be stated that such a turbine consists of a primary valve chamber 62, a rotor chamber 70 and an intermediate chamber containing slide valves, a valve'actuating disk, a rotor, and nozzles, disposed wit-hin the .peripheral flange 19.

In order to shift the left hand actuating disk simultaneously with the right hand disk, I have provided a secondary shifting member 7l, an arm T2 being secured on the upper end of said. shifting member and piv otally connected with a similar arm T3, on the member 66, through the medium of a link 74; and it is obvious, that if other turbine sections were added, other members 7l could he similarly connected, so that all of .the valve-actuating disks could be operated in unison, by means of the hand lever 69.

It is obvious that I have provided a steam turbine which is fully capable of attaining the 'foregoing objects and in a thoroughly practical and eiiicient manner.

I do not limit my invention to the exact details of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as herewith described and illustrated, but my invention may only be llmited by a reasonable interpretatio of the :following claims.

What I claim is:

l. In a steam turbine, a valve chamber having an inlet opening, a nozzle-contain ing chamber having a rotor therein, a partition between the valve chamber and the nozzle-containing chamber, said partitionv having a series of ports communicating with the nozzles and with the valve chamber, said partition having a cylindrical boss, a valve actuating disk rotatably seated on said boss and carrying a series of slide valves for alternately covering and uncovering said ports, and means for shifting the valve-actuating disk.

2. In a steam turbine, a valve chamber having a steam inlet'opening, a. nozzle-con taining chamber containing a rotor in operative relation to the nozzles, a partition separating the valve chamber andthe noz Zle-containiiig chamber, said partition having ports communicating withv the nozzles and with the valve chamber, a valve-actuating disk movably seated inthe valve chamber and having radial arms, and slide valves movably secured to the arms and vadapted to be held by steam pressure over certain of saidv ports, and means for shifting the valve actuating meinberi'rom' lover said ports so as to cover other of said ports.

3. In a steam turbine, a casing, a rotor in the casing, a steam chamber. a partition between the rotor and the steam chamber` steam ports communicating with the steam chambeiand adapted to convey steam into operative relation to the rotor, a cylin drical boss on the partition, a valve disk rotatably mounted on the cylindrical boss, and slide valves carried by the valve disk over the ports and adapted to be held against the surface surrounding the ports by means ot steam pressure.

4. In a steam turbine, a roto-r chamber, a steam chamber, a partition separating said notor chamber and said steam chamber, steam ports through the partition, an axle extending throughy the partition and carrying a rotor Within the rotor chamber in operative relation to the steam ports, a hollow boss formed on the partition, a shouldered sleeve surrounding the axle within the hol-n low boss, a valve-carrying member rotatably seated on the periphery of the hollow boss, and means for moving the valve-carrying member for alternately opening and closing the ports.

5. In a steam turbine, a casing consisting of a number of annularly flanged sections` certain of said sections being formed with annular grooves and with annular ridges on the annular flanges, said annular ridges and annular grooves being approximately right angled in cross section and adapted to be fitted to the adjacent similarly formed sections and thereby to assure the perfect concentric relation of the several sections.

6. In a steam turbine, a rotor chamber, a rotor rotatably mounted in the rotor chamber, a series of steam nozzles ylin the rotor chamber, and a series of dflector plates adjacent to the respective nozzles and lying approximately at right angles to the intersecting radial lines of the rotor.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN H. KUGLICR.

WVitnesses:

VALTER KUGLER, J. E. ZIMMERMAN. 

